KIMIAWI DAN POTENSI SAPONIN

Authors

Prof. Dr. H. Laode Rijai, M.Si., Drs.
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Dr. Apt. Akhmad Jaizzur Rija'i, M.Si
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Dr. Apt. Gayuk Kalih Prasesti, M.S.Farm.
Mulawarman University image/svg+xml
Apt. Hifdzur Rashif Rija'i, M.Pharm.Sci.
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Keywords:

Saponin, Kimia Organik Bahan Alam, Metabolit Sekunder, Farmasi Bahan Alam, Sapogenin, Sumber Hayati Saponin

Synopsis

Saponin, golongan metabolit sekunder alami yang banyak ditemukan pada tumbuhan. Secara kimia, saponin adalah glikosida kompleks dengan aglikon steroid, triterpen, atau tetraterpen, serta glikon berupa mono-, di-, hingga trisakarida. Struktur molekulnya sangat kompleks dengan berat molekul >1.000, sehingga menghasilkan keragaman senyawa yang sangat tinggi ( >30 jenis per organ hayati) dan setiap penelitian berpeluang menemukan saponin baru.

Karena kemiripan sifat fisika antar senyawa saponin, isolasinya tidak dapat dilakukan dengan kromatografi gravitasi, melainkan harus menggunakan KCKT/HPLC dengan kolom preparatif hingga semipreparatif. Penentuan struktur molekulnya pun memerlukan NMR minimal 400 MHz dengan perekaman 2D. Hal ini menjadikan penelitian saponin langka, terutama di Indonesia, meskipun potensi hayati sangat besar (kadar saponin mencapai 42,26%).

Saponin memiliki lebih dari 25 jenis aktivitas biologi, termasuk toksik dan antioksidan, sehingga setiap penelitian ekstrak murni saponin seolah diwajibkan melakukan uji toksisitas dan antioksidan. Buku ini mengupas potensi saponin sebagai bahan aktif produk kesehatan maupun bahan tambahan (misalnya golongan bidesmosidik yang meningkatkan kelarutan).

Penulis berharap buku ini membangkitkan minat peneliti Kimia Bahan Alam di Indonesia untuk menemukan senyawa saponin baru, sumber hayati baru, serta produk kesehatan berbasis saponin. Dengan kekayaan hayati Indonesia, saponin berpeluang menjadi sumber pendapatan masyarakat dan negara, sekaligus mengubah gulma menjadi tanaman bernilai ekonomi. Buku ini juga menyoroti perlunya pengadaan instrumen KCKT/HPLC dan NMR 400 MHz di Indonesia untuk mendukung penelitian saponin dan keberhasilan Research University.

 

Penulis                   : Laode Rijai, Akhmad Jaizzur Rija'i, Gayuk Kalih Prasesti,

                                   dan Hifdzur Rashif Rija'i

Desain Cover        : Iswahyudi

Tata Letak             : M. Arifuddin

Proofreader           : Baso Didik Hikmawan

Ukuran                  : 15,5x23 cm

Halaman               : 186

ISBN                       : 978-634-05-2381-2 

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June 8, 2026

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